When a woman has her yearly examination, she should speak with her health care provider about her Pap smear results and understand what they mean. She may also want to ask for a copy of the results for her own files.
When the Pap smear result indicates an abnormality of dysplasia or cancer, there are several options for removing warts on the cervix.
They can be treated by cryotherapy, removal of part of the cervix, laser surgery, loop electrode excision, or surgical excision, including cervical conization (in which a cone of tissue is removed from the cervix). Even advanced lesions may be cured with these procedures.
The progression from precancerous changes to cervical cancer is very slow. Many women with HPV are concerned about the risk of cervical cancer, fearing that they have a ticking time bomb inside them. Yet this is simply not true for the majority of women with HPV If a woman follows the recommendations given here, having routine Pap smears and appropriate follow-up and treatment of any visible external warts, then she need not worry unduly about the risk of cancer. Certainly most of the millions of women infected with HPV do not develop these complications.
A final note. The Pap smear is not a test for STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, although many people mistakenly think that it does provide a screen for all STDs. Specific tests must be performed for these infections. Sexually transmitted infections such as herpes (if there are lesions on the cervix) and mucopurulent cervicitis can cause inflammation on the cervix, which also may result in an abnormal Pap smear. It is often better to defer the Pap smear until these infections have been treated and have resolved, so that the Pap smear can accurately perform its intended function: identifying problems caused by the warts virus.
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